Consumption of natural resources
Even though many sources of energy that use batteries as electrical energy storage are renewable energy, the mineral or metals that we use to produce batteries are non-renewable resources.
This will cause the issue of mineral resource depletion.
Using Lithium as an example. Many studies calculate that with the demand for lithium for the manufacture of batteries, the reserves estimate of lithium is able to supply the current demand for 365 years.
However, with the increase demand of lithium related technology such as electric vehicles, the demand will increase way up and the supply will only be enough for 17 year only.
Other natural resources are also consumed during the process of production, transportation, and distribution of batteries.
Although rechargeable batteries consume less non-renewable resource than disposable batteries, the acceleration of depleting natural resource is still an issue that battery contribute to the environment.